Substance Abuse Therapy Is The Bridge That Connects...

Becoming sober is one thing, staying sober is something else. Substance abuse therapy is the bridge that connects becoming clean and staying clean. Substance abuse therapy comes in many shapes and sizes and goes by many names. Examples include cognitive behavioral, interpersonal, acceptance and commitment, and motivational therapy. Other are contingency management, group, couples, and family therapy. The names are less important than their purpose. Therapy helps you gain insight into why you became addicted and what you will need to do to become and remain substance-free. Therapy must be an integral part of a comprehensive treatment program if sobriety is to take a firm and lasting hold. The next seven sections of this chapter focus on†¦show more content†¦Maintaining unhealthy associations is one of the most powerful of all factors promoting relapse. Here are a few suggestions to avoid these negative associations: †¢ Change your phone number. †¢ Never respond to calls or texts from your former drug dealers expressing concern for your welfare. Their only concern is to regain your business and to make you once again a regular customer. Their loss is your gain. †¢ Permanently separate from substance abusers. I am not saying they are bad people; I am saying they represent unhealthy associations. †¢ If the temptation to use is too great, consider moving. This option may seem drastic, but recovery must be your highest priority. †¢ Develop friendships with individuals who don’t abuse substances. †¢ Exercise on a regular basis. You will feel the difference. †¢ Make time to enjoy yourself without using substances. †¢ Reduce idle time. Spend more time with family and non-using friends. Idle time is the drug-devils workshop. †¢ Appreciate that money that would have been wasted on drugs now stays with you. The emotional reward is enormous. †¢ Add a spiritual component if you have a religious affiliation. One of the most commonly asked questions is how to go about developing healthy and supportive friendships. Since approximately 10 percent of the adult population abuses substances (not including tobacco), the majority of people you can choose to associate with will not be

The Assassination Of The War And Formation Of Civil Rights

Political Assassination Danielle Ferreira U.S Government Date Introduction Political assassination is defined as the act of killing a political figure mainly for political reasons. In most cases, the motive behind political assassinations is beyond the person who is killed. Assassinations have been rampant across the globe for ages and these assassinations do cause lots of political instabilities in a country especially when key personalities such as heads of states are the victims. In this essay, we shall discuss some of the major assassinations which occurred in history. These personalities include John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Abraham Lincoln, Julius Caesar and Robert F. Kennedy. John Fitzgerald Kennedy†¦show more content†¦Many conspiracy theories have tried to explain who was responsible for Kennedy’s murder and some have cited the involvement of the USSR, FBI, CIA and Cuba among others. The death of Kennedy remains a mystery despite numerous investigations which have since been carried. There have been no conclusive prove that Oswald murdered the president and even if he did, people still do not believe that he acted alone as reported by the Warren Commission. Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther was a civil rights activist, a clergy and one of the key personalities behind the formation of the American Civil Rights Movement. The major goal of the movement was to advocate for the abolishment the racial discrimination of the African Americans population. King was shot on 4th April 1968 while he was his motel room at Memphis, Tennessee and was pronounced dead that evening while in hospital2. After the killing, James Earl Ray, who was convicted for murdering King, escaped but was arrested after two months in London. Many people believe that the government was involved in the assassination. Following the death of King, lots of riots and protests emerged in different cities across US. Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on 14th April 1865 and was serving as 16th President of the United States from 1861. Lincoln was killed by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate spy, who was not happy with how the president supported the African Americans

Marketing of MasterCard International-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Evaluate the effectiveness of this sponsorship as a Strategic Marketing decision, given: MasterCard's distinctive Business Model and Organization MasterCard's new strategy. Answer: MasterCard International is an American financial corporation listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The company provides one of the worlds biggest payment gateways using debit cards and credit cards. The company partners with various international banks like Bank of America and government all round the world. The payment gateways of MasterCard are protected by passwords and help the payers secure their financial details against frauds and data thefts. MasterCards distinctive business model consisted of three components. They were a global family of payment gateways, a global system of accepting payments and communication of all the payments customers made using their debit cards and credit cards. MasterCard was the manufacturer and marketer of three of the most accepted international payment gateways namely, MasterCard, Cirrus, Maestro and Mondex. These cards found acceptance from millions of customers globally in more than a hundred countries. They all had the logo of MasterCard showing interlocking circles, which enforced the brand power of the company internationally. MasterCard allowed processing of secured payments all over the world, which helped banks and people to conduct electronic transactions. The communication system notifying the customer about the payments made through debit cards and credit cards enabled the customers to gain information about their available bank balances and take prompt actions in case of discrepa ncies. This facility created tremendous customer satisfaction for both the member banks and MasterCard. This customer centric business model enabled MasterCard to earn huge revenue, which gave it the financial strength to form a new strategy of promoting its brand equity by sponsoring sports events like World Cup and Olympics. The able organisation structure was under the leadership of able CEOs and while its board of directors consisted of top bank officials. The dynamic business decision-making capability of these able leaders enabled MasterCard to make strategies to promote sports events. The new strategy of MasterCard was to sponsor international sports events like the World Cup matches, which helped it to position itself in the market as an international sponsor. The new strategy helped the company to differentiate its products like MasterCard and Maestro from its competitors mainly Visa and Diners Club, its toughest competitors International events like the World Cup enabled MasterCard to promote itself among a global consumer base and promoted itself as a secure payment gateway. This new strategy of using the platform sports events as a medium for marketing enabled the company and its partner banks to generate huge revenue. The sponsorship worth of MasterCard increased manifold due to its participation in several international sports events like the World Cup, the Olympics and the ISL. These events allowed MasterCard to gain access to customer bases all round the world, which gave it an opportunity to display the usage and benefits of its products. The sporsorship worth of MasterCard became so high that it led to fall in the market capturing of the competitor products like Visa. The huge sponsorship worth of MasterCard encouraged the customers, especially the spectators and the guests at the matches to use the card to make payments. This generated heavy promotion of the company products, which resulted in huge revenue and market penetration globally. The new business model and the international sports sponsorships enabled MasterCard to gain economies of scale in all its markets around the world. The company had to spend billions of dollars to operate in the international market, which had presence of strong competitors like Visa. Association with international sports events acted as a differentiation strategy, which helped MasterCard to differentiate itself from its rivals and attract more users. This led to generation of huge revenue, which the company could allocate towards chip technology cards, which required heavy investments. Thus the sports sponsorship enabled MasterCard to gain economies scale. MasterCard standardised its products and adopted the advertising strategy around the sponsorship of sports events. This advertising strategy helped MasterCard to connect emotionally to the customers. The customers as a result retained the advertisements of the company for longer span of time and preferred to use it over other payment gateways. This marketing strategy helped the company and its partner banks earn huge revenue worldwide. The renewal of sponsorship of the 1999-2002 package of sponsoring the World Cup match should not renewed by MasterCard. This is because the international sponsorship bodies like ISL were charging high amount of entry fees and had altered the event content, which may not be profitable for MasterCard. It can be evaluated from the above discussion that the strategy of MasterCard to sponsor international sports events was effective as a strategic marketing tool. The company must adopt the same strategy in future to gain competitive advantage in the market and strengthen its position. References: Master Brand, Delaney Report February 22, 1999 Master Card to allow banks to move its Logo, Business Times(Singapore), June 28, 1999, p.24 IEG Sponsorship Report, cited in MasterCard documents Jason Fargo, Behind Citis feud with Visa,, Credit Card Management, April 1999, p.30 Lance Egelson, quoted in Kathleen V. Schimdt, Vendor-partner Deals Winning Proposition for All, Marketing News August 16, 1999. McCormack was the founder of IMG, one of the most powerful agencies in the marketing of sporting event right with a 1993 turnover estimated at US$800 million.

The work of Charles Dickens Essay Example For Students

The work of Charles Dickens Essay The work of Charles Dickens is widely based upon the social conditions of the period. The novel Oliver Twist presents the conditions of life at the time, and the largely exaggerated characters portray the nature of the people then. This is in an attempt to confront some of the issues of the time, including poverty and disease, both of which were extremely common in Victorian England. Dickens has used fictional characters to communicate his views on the situations that arose at the time of writing. There are some serious topics addressed in this book, and Dickens begins the story with the very start of Olivers life. We will write a custom essay on The work of Charles Dickens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The novel opens with the orphan boys entrance into the world, according to Dickens as an it. He writes, i It was ushered into this world of sorrow and trouble by the parish surgeon. This quote suggests that Oliver was not even seen as a valued human life, but rather as an object to be despised. He also talks about Oliver as being The item of mortality, so Olivers death is being talked about before his life has even begun. This suggests that the parish feel resentment towards Oliver, and we later see that this is felt towards him throughout most of his life. The nurse who attends Olivers birth is clearly abusing her position. We are told that she is under the influence of alcohol, which is certainly dangerous if she is delivering babies. We are told, was rendered rather misty by an unwonted allowance of beer. We are even told that she would rather drink the liquor than assist in delivering the baby, when Dickens writes, she had been tasting in a corner with evident satisfaction. The doctor also abuses his position. During the birth when he should have been helping, he instead was sitting with his face turned towards the fire, giving the palms of his hands a warm and a rub alternatively. Also, it is clear that this is normal for a person of his position, because we are told that he spoke with more kindness than might have been expected of him. This suggests that not very many people took their social responsibility seriously in those days. The surgeon is not very suited for his job and doesnt really care about what happens to his patients as long as he gets paid, because we are told that he tells the nurse, You neednt mind sending up to me if the child cries. Its very likely it will be troublesome. Later on, we are again reminded of the constant abuse of social responsibility, when Oliver is referred to as the victim. It is essential that love is demonstrated to growing children, and obviously the parish authorities were ignoring this. We are told that Oliver was hungry and destitute, and clearly it was the people assigned to taking care of him who her making him this miserable. In fact, we later find out that the parish is so desperate to get rid of him that they send him off to a workhouse. The elderly female at the workhouse is even said to be abusing her responsibilities by spending the money intended for the inmates meals on herself. She also tries to give them the absolute minimum amount of food necessary for them to stay alive. We are told that she is aware of the dangers of starvation and yet still continues to practice it. She appropriated the greater part of the weekly stipend to her own use, and consigned the rising parochial generation to even a shorter allowance than was originally provided for them. This clearly indicates that she doesnt care about them in the slightest. .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 , .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 .postImageUrl , .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 , .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397:hover , .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397:visited , .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397:active { border:0!important; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397:active , .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397 .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f1de97ead9a4a2791a6ef01f0427397:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Directors Letter To Juliet's Actress EssayThe board members also abuse their social status when they realise that the people actually want to remain within the workhouse. Instead of feeling proud and pleased with themselves, they are resentful and make plans to make the workhouse as unpleasant as possible. We are the fellows to set this right; well stop it all, in no time. We are told that a passer-by, named Mr Gamfield hit his donkey by way of gentle reminder that he was not his own master, we immediately wonder if the same harsh punishment would apply for one of his apprentices. Right from Mr Gamfields entrance we are wary and suspicious of him, and do not trust him as a potential master for Oliver. Mr Gamfield also hits his donkey as a caution not to run away in his absence, and this also relates to the way in which Oliver would probably be treated by him, because he probably would attempt to run away at some point. Then to make matters worse, we gain a dislike for the gentleman in the white waistcoat, as we are told that he thinks that Mr Gamfield was exactly the sort of master Oliver Twist wanted. When Mr Limbkins states, Its a nasty trade, this demonstrates two things. The first is that he is actually showing some compassion towards Oliver, and the second is that he is actually trying to take his responsibility seriously. He is not willing to just get rid of Oliver as soon as possible, but wants to be certain that he will be taken care of. The gentleman in the white waistcoat then changes his mind and agrees with Mr Limbkins. However, the original low opinion of Mr Limbkins that we are given, is a false one. Mr Limbkins wants rid of Oliver as much as anyone else. He is actually just haggling with Mr Gamfield and trying to hide this fact. Therefore, Mr Limbkins is not as compassionate as we originally thought. The gentleman in the white waistcoat is abusing his responsibility because he is aware that Oliver will probably die in a chimney, but he is still determined to sell him to Mr Gamfield. Later on we discover that Mr Sowerberry treats Oliver very unfairly. He promised the board that he would take care of Oliver and they trusted him. He abuses the trust that they put in him. For example, he gives Oliver the food that the dog refused. Mrs Sowerberry also treats Oliver unkindly. She forces him to sleep among the coffins. She is very arrogant when she says to him, Dont keep me lingering here all night. In contrast to this, Mr Brownlow takes very good care of Oliver. We are told, He was tended with a kindness and solitude that knew no bounds. The old lady at Mr Brownlows house also treats Oliver with kindness. We are told, looked so kindly and lovingly in his face. The doctor is very caring, or at least he does his best to be. He is a kind person, but not a very good doctor. He asks Oliver questions and tries to be smart and predict what Oliver will say, but Oliver always says the exact opposite. Youre hungry too, aint you? No, sir, replied Oliver. The attitude of this doctor in comparison to the one attending his birth is a very extreme contrast. This doctor actually seems concerned in helping Oliver. Mr Brownlow is very considerate towards Oliver, especially since he thought originally that he may have been robbed by him. However, Mr Brownlow does not believe that Oliver was responsible. .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd , .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd .postImageUrl , .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd , .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd:hover , .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd:visited , .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd:active { border:0!important; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd:active , .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43c63b052d955ee49d933eb609494efd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Victorian Man EssayHe realises that Oliver has been mistreat in the past and he actually understands and shows pity on him. Another individual held up for our esteem, is the bookstore keeper is a very kind person, because he could have just kept out of the situation, but instead he went out of his way to stand up for the truth. He did this purely because he felt it was his responsibility, and he tells the court, I have run all the way here. Most people would not have bothered to do this. Similarly, Rose and Miss Maylie take extremely good care of Oliver. They enjoy taking care of him and see it as their responsibility that he wants for nothing. In some ways, however, they are abusing their social responsibility because they should have taken him to the police immediately where he would have most likely been returned to the workhouse. In conclusion, I think that Dickens portrays his message very strongly because he is very critical of almost every character. Dickens uses a long list of characters who are unkind to Oliver, in contrast to a couple who are actually nice to him. This demonstrates how Dickens views society many unkind people, and very few nice people. This is a successful novel, which allows the reader to see Victorian Society from the authors point of view.

Free Essays on Youngs Two-slit Experiment

The two-slit experiment had, and still preserves a fundamental impact on modern physics. In his Lectures on Physics, Feynman stated that the interference patterns seen in Young’s experiment are â€Å"a phenomenon which is impossible, absolutely impossible to explain in any classical way, and which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality it contains the only mystery.† [1] Here, he is expressing the wonder of wave-particle duality, in which matter at an atomic level behaves at times like a particle and at others, like a wave. However, observations of both qualities at the same time are impermissible for some reason by the laws of quantum mechanics. Within the two-slit experiment, there are numerous aspects that defy logic and maintain the mystery that is quantum physics. The experiment itself works by emitting photons of light from a monochromatic source to pass through a single slit to obtain a narrow beam of light. This narrow beam is then allowed to fall on a screen containing two narrow slits. Light from the two slits then falls on a distant screen. The resulting patterns of light on the screen can then be observed. What Young found was that a central bright maximum of light was obtained, and around this central bright maximum were equidistant striations of light and dark. To clarify one point, it was later discovered that if a single photon were fired at the two slits, an interference pattern would not appear. Rather, a single 'blip' would appear on the screen, which indicates that the photon is not a wave, but rather a particle. If a large number of photons were fired at the slits, an interference pattern would begin to a ppear. So it seems that photons are really particles that behave collectively like waves. The same reasoning applies to all particles, not just photons. Many variations of the Young two-slit experiment have since arisen, namely gedankens (thought experiments), to illustrate the fundamental princi... Free Essays on Young's Two-slit Experiment Free Essays on Young's Two-slit Experiment The two-slit experiment had, and still preserves a fundamental impact on modern physics. In his Lectures on Physics, Feynman stated that the interference patterns seen in Young’s experiment are â€Å"a phenomenon which is impossible, absolutely impossible to explain in any classical way, and which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality it contains the only mystery.† [1] Here, he is expressing the wonder of wave-particle duality, in which matter at an atomic level behaves at times like a particle and at others, like a wave. However, observations of both qualities at the same time are impermissible for some reason by the laws of quantum mechanics. Within the two-slit experiment, there are numerous aspects that defy logic and maintain the mystery that is quantum physics. The experiment itself works by emitting photons of light from a monochromatic source to pass through a single slit to obtain a narrow beam of light. This narrow beam is then allowed to fall on a screen containing two narrow slits. Light from the two slits then falls on a distant screen. The resulting patterns of light on the screen can then be observed. What Young found was that a central bright maximum of light was obtained, and around this central bright maximum were equidistant striations of light and dark. To clarify one point, it was later discovered that if a single photon were fired at the two slits, an interference pattern would not appear. Rather, a single 'blip' would appear on the screen, which indicates that the photon is not a wave, but rather a particle. If a large number of photons were fired at the slits, an interference pattern would begin to a ppear. So it seems that photons are really particles that behave collectively like waves. The same reasoning applies to all particles, not just photons. Many variations of the Young two-slit experiment have since arisen, namely gedankens (thought experiments), to illustrate the fundamental princi...

Find out What a Bulbous Bow Is

Find out What a Bulbous Bow Is The strongest resistance any vessel faces in standard operations comes from displacement as the hull moves through the water. Waves that climb the bow are water being pushed aside faster than it can move away. It takes a lot of power to overcome the viscosity and mass of water and that means burning fuel, which adds to costs. A bulbous bow is an extension of the hull just below the waterline. It has many subtle shape variations but it’s basically a rounded front portion that flares out slightly as it blends into the traditional displacement hull construction. These forward protrusions are about twice as long as the width of the base and they would usually not extend forward past the top of the bow. The basic principle is to create a low-pressure zone to eliminate the bow wave and reduce drag. First appearing on the USS Delaware in 1910, the bulbous bow was a controversial design of U.S. Navy Ship Architect David W. Taylor. Much of the controversy disappeared ten years later when passenger ships began exploiting the design to increase speeds. Hulls built with bulbous bow sections are common today. Under certain conditions, this type of design is very efficient at redirecting forces of hydrodynamic resistance and drag. There is a movement against bulbous bows that allows greater flexibility of ships at a time when slow steaming is a way to save fuel. Good Conditions for Bulbous Bows The design of a ship with a bulbous bow is discussed in many textbooks and technical articles. It is often referred to as a theory or an art, which is a short way of saying nobody is 100 percent sure of what they are writing. There are details to be worked out but modern builders have proprietary ways of analyzing and integrating all hydrodynamic aspects of their hulls and these methods are strict secrets. A bulbous bow works best under certain conditions and good design gives efficiency gains throughout the range of these factors. Speed – At low speeds, a bulbous bow will trap water above the bulb without forming a low-pressure zone to cancel the bow wave. This leads to increased drag and loss of efficiency. Each design has what is known as most efficient hull speed, or often just hull speed. This term refers to the speed where the shape of the hull is acting on the water is such a way to produce the minimum possible drag. This ideal hull speed might not be the top speed of a ship because at some point the lower pressure zone created by the bow features becomes larger than necessary. A zone of lower pressure water that is larger than the hull is inefficient and leads to reduced rudder response. Ideally, the cone of lower pressure water will collapse just before the props. This gives the prop blades something to push against and limits cavitation at the props and rudder. Cavitation will lead to reduced efficiency of props, sluggish steering, and excessive wear of hull and drive components. Size – Vessels under 49 feet (15 m) do not have enough wetted area to take advantage of a bulbous bow. The amount of drag on a hull is related to its wetted area. The structure of the bulb also increases drag and at a certain point, the benefits shrink to zero. Conversely, larger ships with a high proportion of waterline to frontal area use the bulbous bow most effectively. Bad Conditions for Bulbous Bows Rough Seas – While a traditional hull rises with the wave, a hull with a bulbous bow can dig in even if it is designed to lift the bow under normal conditions. The issue of trim is one of the most deeply dividing aspects of bow design among naval architects. There is also a huge psychological aspect among crews who perceive this bow design as dangerous in storms. There is some truth that these bows dig into wave faces but there is little proof that it is more dangerous than traditional designs. Ice – Some ice breaking ships do have a special shape of a bulbous bow that is heavily reinforced. Most bulbous bows are prone to damage since they are the first point of contact with an obstacle. In addition to ice, large debris and fixed objects like dock faces can damage these extended underwater bows.

Global Demographics and the Death Penalty Essay

Global Demographics and the Death Penalty - Essay Example However, global patterns can be examined which can help uncover the underlying indicators that are common to countries that have the death penalty. The fair institution of the death penalty can be evaluated in the United States. Research can show the motivations, targets, and eventual victims of capital punishment in the world and in the United States. Two thirds of the world's countries have abolished the death penalty either in law or in practice and membership in the European Union requires its abolishment. There are still 69 countries that maintain and practice capital punishment. China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the USA were responsible for 94% of the known executions that took place in 2005. China had the greatest numbers of executions and though accurate data is difficult to obtain, at least 1,170 people were confirmed executed in 2005. Other estimates for China range as high as 8.000 ("Facts and Figures"). Though China had the greatest number, on a per capita basis Saudi Arabia had the largest percentage of its population executed. A Saudi was almost five times as likely to be executed than a Chinese and eighteen times as likely as an American. Saudi Arabia's unusually high rate is due to the wide range of crimes that are punishable by death. Renouncing of Islam, witchcraft, sexual offenses, drug dealing, and corruption can all carry a death sentence. China uses the death penalty for criminal activities that range from murder to economic crimes. It should be noted that both China and Saudi Arabia are highly guarded societies. Their legal system is extremely secretive and people charged are afforded almost no legal rights as we perceive them in the United States. There may be no right to an appeal and execution may take place on the same day as sentencing. The denial of rights and the broad range of crimes account for the high rates of executions in both China and Saudi Arabia. While methods of execution have evolved in some countries, others such as Afghanistan and Iran still use the barbaric means of stoning. In nearby Saudi Arabia, beheading is the method of choice. China still uses the firing squad but is slowly moving towards lethal injection. Hanging, which the United States has only recently moved away from, is still found in Japan and Egypt. Electrocution is used only in the United States though most executions are carried out through the more humane method of lethal injection ("Facts and Figures"). Support for the death penalty usually comes from extreme religious positions or totalitarian regimes. The high rate in China is perpetuated by the tyranny of ideology and reflects the mass executions of political foes that have occasionally cropped up around the globe. Castro executed an estimated 1,000 members of the opposition in his first 3 months of power. Still, the mainstay of support for capital punishment is religion. In Iran and Saudi Arabia, the ruling theocracy condemns prisoners for crimes against Islam. In the United States the support comes from biblical justification. In the Scandinavian countries, which are less religious, capital punishment is banned and has little support. Though the Catholic Church officially denounces capital punishment, American Catholics favor the death penalty in greater numbers than the general population (Davis and Smith). Davis and Smith also report

The Gender Classifications in Contemporary Social Ideology Assignment

The Gender Classifications in Contemporary Social Ideology - Assignment Example It centers on a biological disparity of surface objectification and splendor, taking people into the two-way terrain of identity individuals, and dictates power relations (Jhally 2009, 3). The film concentrates mainly on the fundamental importance of gender, power, and the people’s discernment of what it means to be a male or a female (Jhally 2009, 3). Question 2: Using the word ‘man’ to refer to male and female The term man is derived from the older version of English; its structure had a default meaning ‘the mature male’. The logical thinker uses it to refer to both male and female (Beauvoir 1977, 13). This supposedly portrays chauvinism despite its unique understanding. The logical thinking of why both male and female are referred to as Man follows that; the word men stands for thinking. This means that man is a thinker– male and female are thinkers. This terms them both like men. The general meaning of man has gone down but still endured in different ways like mankind, human and is now mostly seen as ancient, with the word used almost entirely to refer to mature male (Beauvoir 1977, 13). Question 3: Connection between sexes (physiological categories of male and female) Simone De Beauvoir’s recognition holds in her revolutionary magnum opus, The Second Sex. The book still counts as an opening text in philosophy, feminism, plus women’s studies. The book suggests that females have been put in an oppressive relation with the male species. It terms female as the man’s other (Beauvoir 1977, 13). Beauvoir’s discovery in her investigation into woman’s condition states that; they consistently will be referred to as the other by a man who assumes the position of the person. She explains women to be the absolute opposite of what they thought men to be. This means; she stands as secondary, inessential, unlike the man who they thought to be essential. The connection lays in the belief that being a male means being the subject, and when one is a female, she is referred to as ‘the other’ (Beauvoir 1977, 13). Question 4: Classes and race A recent observation proved women to be placed in island settings. It associates itself with harmonious nature; women have often been put in ads soaking up the rays and warmth of the sun. They do this in an obedient position: lying on the beach (Williamson 1978, 385). Williamson wished to prove that like islands, men ruled over women and oppressed them for toil and resources. She termed women as vacation sites. Men, on the other hand, have in the past been more often related to mountains. Unlike the beach, the mountains portray physical strength. Nature assumed on cliffs and rock arrangement appears tough and uncompromising. Climbing mountain proves females also to be physically and mentally tough, able to negotiate risk, and be successful. The female executive dynamically looks for risks since it tackles ideas of challenging the women to rise up (Williamson 1978, 385). Question 5: Becoming a female Beauvoir's ample work brought up interesting issues in many individuals; what concerns people most in the context rotates around her view of the speculation of subjectivity and identity. People remember her for her well-known declaration, that one is not born but rather becomes a woman.

First Person Singular Essay Example for Free

First Person Singular Essay As children we spent most of our lives exploring and learning new things with the help of our parents. There are some memories very vague but others that we will remember for the rest of our lives. These memorable moments could be the simplest to most complex things but as children they were a big deal to us. A childhood journey that I find extraordinarily memorable was the time I went to England with my parents because I traveled across the globe and I experienced different adventures. The time I went to England was a memory I will treasure forever because it was the first time I traveled to a different continent. I was in fifth grade when we underwent this trip which made me the coolest kid in class so that really made the trip important to me. We arrived at the airport to find out that my dad needed a VISA since he was not a citizen of the US, this forced us to delay our trip and fly to New York for 3 days. After that issue was resolved we finally flew to England. The flight took about 8 hours. During the flight we ate dinner and breakfast on the plane, I recall the food not being that great especially being a picky child. We also had to sleep on the plane which can be very uncomfortable for more than an hour. I also remember having to share the minuscule bathroom with my mom to brush our teeth. Following the lengthy flight we finally reached our destination, England. Clearly, traveling to another continent is a memory I will never forget. Another reason I will cherish this trip throughout my life is because we encountered new adventures. The country seemed pretty similar to the United States but as we were getting onto the car my dad entered what he thought was the passenger seat but came to see it was really the drivers seat. Not only are the steering wheels on the opposite sides of the car but they drive on the opposite side of the road as well. We stayed at my dad’s friend’s house while our stay. This house had 4 stories including the basement, this was new to me because in Florida you only see 2 story houses most of the time. The food was a very big obstacle for me because I was not used to the food prepared in the house. The woman of the house made us a traditional English dinner which quite honestly was not to my liking. It was a large sausage with mashed potatoes and vegetables. As a fifth grader I would have preferred McDonald’s. We didn’t have an itinerary for what we wanted to do so we just did random things the city of London had to offer. While in London I saw men completely painted like statues but would randomly move and scare you half to death, that was enjoyable. Then we reached â€Å"The Eye†, the biggest ferris wheel in the world that you can see all of London from the top. Sadly I wasn’t able to ride it because it takes 45 minutes to go all around and we didn’t have enough time for that. But I did get to visit Big Ben and the Buckingham Palace. I also rode a train for the first time. This train went extremely fast and it even had a full bathroom right in the middle, it felt like it was taken out of â€Å"Back to the Future.† The last thing we did on our trip was go to a Robin Hood museum in the city of Nottingham that showed us his story. Evidently, the adventures we underwent contributed to this special memory. Given these experiences, my trip to England will be a souvenir to the journeys in my childhood because I traveled across the globe and I experienced different adventures. Many more mementoes will be added to the list as time goes on but as of now that trip was one of the most influential expeditions I have had.

Implementing Uniforms into Schools Essay -- Uniforms Education School

Implementing Uniforms into Schools The argument whether uniforms should be implemented in school has been debated over the last few decades. By implementing a uniform policy within schools would help reduce the rise of violent crimes. In today’s high schools, too many innocent youths become fatalities due to gang warfare that has spread into the school system. Many parents feel that if a uniform policy was implemented , the spread of gang warfare and the idea that children have to have name brand clothing would decrease drastically. However others are worried that this policy would infringe on students First Amendment Rights with expressing themselves. Many parents are worried that the uniforms will cost too much and they will only burden their economic status. Uniforms will either give the school strength or separate the students and parents from the administration. Proponents of uniforms argue that the widespread violence in schools is due largely to gangs. They believe that the distinctive gang colors and symbols are used it intimidate non-gang members and reinforce gang allegiance. Gang members are often found wearing clothing with professional sports team logos on them. Children who wear this type of clothing do so only because they like it or because everyone else is wearing it. Jim Steinberg of the San Diego Examiner believes that, â€Å"They have become a fashion statement and sometimes a gang statement†(Sauewein 1). This is why so many parents want the schools to go to a mandatory uniform policy. Many parents believe that if children wear uniforms, the violence in schools would drop significantly. Long Beach Unified School District was the first large school district in the United States to implement a mandatory uniform policy. â€Å"In 1994, the Long Beach Unified School District in California became the nation’s first, large urban district to require all it’s elementary and middle school students to wear uniforms. School crime has plunged 76 percent since, says spokesman Dick Van Der Laan. Attendance is the highest it’s been since 1980. Can the uniform policy take this credit? â€Å"Very definitely,† Van Der Laan says. â€Å"Uniforms sets a message of ‘You are in the business of learning† (Merchant 3). â€Å"In the first year following implication, overall school crime decreased by 36%, sex offenses by 74%, physical flight to point students by 51%,... ...nonprofit organizations that give out over $100,000 in financial aid to families that allow them to buy these uniforms. School districts also point out that the uniforms can be passed down from one child to another. By doing this, they would come out ahead in the long run. Many parents believe that uniforms will only stifle the students creativity. They will not be allowed to freely express themselves with the colors that they wear as well as the clothing itself. If a child is feeling particularly happy that day, he or she may want to wear their favorite outfit to express themselves and the way that they feel. If all students wear uniforms, the entire school will all look exactly the same, which takes away all creativity and suppresses individuality. The controversy whether to implement the uniform policy has gone on for quite a few years now. Both sides of the argument give compelling reasons why or why not the policy should be arrayed. But with the rise in the violent crimes in the school systems, children need to be protected, or else our children may be growing up knowing only violence. They will not know what it will be like to live a life without fear.

Burger King

Emphasis on customer service Mcdonald strongly believe in 3F Motto , Fun – Provide an enjoyable working environment for their employees Firm- Stay firm on doing the right thing for customers Fair- nurture an open and honest work culture based on integrity , teamwork and respect for each other . Based on this 3F , Mcdonland strongly emphasizes the voice of the customer,. They created multiple channels to listen to customers these channels cover brand health evolve product offerings catering to customer’s needsListening and engaging to customers is central to Mcdonald . They always put customer in the driver’s seat by listening, engaging and building relationship with them For example they provide variety of party services tailored for different groups of customers. To further engage with loyal customers they have launched two loyalty clubs, the mother’s club and McFun Club with special membership. Burger King is a fast food restaurant, but the walk route is a mid-range price, to create a restaurant-style dining experience.In addition to focusing on the quality of food, they keep try to create a sense of comfort, The way in which Burger King advertise its process of preparing Hamburgers â€Å"Flame Broiled’ instead of grill that fry, gives the buyer the satisfaction of buying a healthy steak (Hamburger). This not only ensure patronage but make the targeted market group feels good about the product. This later way of operation has been popularized with the term â€Å"have it your way â€Å"theme. It makes those who patronize this hamburger feels they are eating exactly the type of hamburgers they preferred.This not only work in terms of its strategy to gain market share but it also make younger generation identify with the product as young adolescence wants to have a feel they are making their own decision on what to eat instead of Mummy have them it her choice of food. Mc donland give us first feeling is warmth, fast and save time the set menu that the designed and packed are very easy to attract people attention . McDonald’s, for instance, has worked to portray itself as a healthier, hip place to eat, offering wireless access in restaurants, updating decor and introducing smoothies, oatmeal and yogurt parfaits. Burger King Business 338 Case Study- Burger King When thinking about entering a franchise one obviously wants to make the most profit as possible. As business partners we want to make money while being involved in something we are passionate about and that is food. So why not take a look at one of our favorite fast food restaurants that is a cornerstone in the fast food industry. When thinking about making any business decision the individual or individuals must look that themselves and decided if they are doing the right thing.The first thing we decided to take the pre- qualification questionnaire. The very first question asks how much you worth are in thousands and/or millions. From the beginning you can see that owning and operating a franchise involves big money. As of today being young and full of dreams we both know that we do not want to be particularly involved in the everyday operations of the restaurant. On the questionnaire it states whether or not you want to be involved only financi ally, in the day-to-day operations, or both. We chose only financially.The next step we decided to look through were the 4 P’s of franchising which are: * Product * Profitability * Process * People We all know Burger King has a great product in food choice especially with the famous Whopper! The quality and price of the food selection at the BK are very reasonable and we feel competitive with other fast food restaurants. In taking a closer look at Burger King we also like how they offer a training program. It requires you to attend a two week Franchisee Orientation and log up to 440 hours of in-restaurant training.During this initial training process, you will learn and experience all aspects of running a BURGER KING  restaurant. They also have an operations manual with comprehensive data that increases your chances of being successful in the business. Along with that they have a wonderful support team filled with experts in the franchise business that guide you on how to g row your business and give you advice. These include but are not limited to: * Director of Franchise Performance (DFP) * Sales, Profit and Operations Coach (SPO) * Real Estate Manager (REM) Construction and Design Manager (CM) * Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Group. One factor that enhanced our decision in choosing Burger King is that North Carolina is a key growth market for the franchise and they are already looking to expand in the region. Upon completion of the questionnaire they send you an automated email with a number for you to reach their franchising representatives for the franchising interview. After the interview there is the transaction selection, operations interview, transaction approval, and final approval. â€Å"Have it your way! † Burger King Business 338 Case Study- Burger King When thinking about entering a franchise one obviously wants to make the most profit as possible. As business partners we want to make money while being involved in something we are passionate about and that is food. So why not take a look at one of our favorite fast food restaurants that is a cornerstone in the fast food industry. When thinking about making any business decision the individual or individuals must look that themselves and decided if they are doing the right thing.The first thing we decided to take the pre- qualification questionnaire. The very first question asks how much you worth are in thousands and/or millions. From the beginning you can see that owning and operating a franchise involves big money. As of today being young and full of dreams we both know that we do not want to be particularly involved in the everyday operations of the restaurant. On the questionnaire it states whether or not you want to be involved only financi ally, in the day-to-day operations, or both. We chose only financially.The next step we decided to look through were the 4 P’s of franchising which are: * Product * Profitability * Process * People We all know Burger King has a great product in food choice especially with the famous Whopper! The quality and price of the food selection at the BK are very reasonable and we feel competitive with other fast food restaurants. In taking a closer look at Burger King we also like how they offer a training program. It requires you to attend a two week Franchisee Orientation and log up to 440 hours of in-restaurant training.During this initial training process, you will learn and experience all aspects of running a BURGER KING  restaurant. They also have an operations manual with comprehensive data that increases your chances of being successful in the business. Along with that they have a wonderful support team filled with experts in the franchise business that guide you on how to g row your business and give you advice. These include but are not limited to: * Director of Franchise Performance (DFP) * Sales, Profit and Operations Coach (SPO) * Real Estate Manager (REM) Construction and Design Manager (CM) * Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Group. One factor that enhanced our decision in choosing Burger King is that North Carolina is a key growth market for the franchise and they are already looking to expand in the region. Upon completion of the questionnaire they send you an automated email with a number for you to reach their franchising representatives for the franchising interview. After the interview there is the transaction selection, operations interview, transaction approval, and final approval. â€Å"Have it your way! † Burger King 1. By mid-2009, Burger King was not in any of the following five countries: France, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and South Africa. Compare these countries as possible future locations for Burger King.These countries all have large populations but are not in close proximity to the BK headquarters in Miami. How well do these five countries identify with the Burger King brand? It is hard entering foreign markets where consumers are loyal to previously established brands. Is there even enough beef to go around? Burger King will have their work set out for them to be successful in these markets and many not have franchising opportunities to rely on.France: the concern with France is how much of the population actually consumes beef.India: Burger King may have recently ruined their chances for sending their business to India. There are no beef in the McDonalds located in India. Hindu does not eat beef and that is approximately 80% of the population. Burger King thought it was a good idea to p lace an ad of Lakshmi, the Indian goddess of wealth, about to eat one of the beef burgers, which are forbidden under Hindu religion. Why? Other than that bad business move Burger King is faced with re-inventing their menu.Nigeria- Restaurants like Tantilizers has had plenty of success in Nigeria and service similar food products to Burger King. Well, at least they sell hamburgers. Yet, it all depends on how well Burger King can re-invent meat pies and other popular Nigerian foods. I think Nigeria will be a much better location than that of France and India and it has less competition.Pakistan- McDonalds seems to found success in Pakistan and serves many beef products, chicken, and fish. Burger King can have similar success from a product/menu standpoint. However, will it be enough to compete with an already established fast food base who serves similar products and have a loyal consumer base. However, the market is big enough for an additional player because of the population.South Africa- South Africa willIf I was on the Burger King Management team then I would definitely try to enter into Nigeria, Pakistan, and South Africa. I do not think that France is the type of market that Burger King will do exceptional well but maybe average. India, I would not even look any further into trying to bring the BK brand.2. When entering another country, discuss the advantages and disadvantages that an international restaurant company, specifically Burger King, would have in comparison with a local company in that market.The advantages of Burger King entering into new markets are: The disadvantages of Burger King entering new markets are:3. About two-thirds of Burger King’s restaurants and revenues are in its Americas region (United States and Canada) and one-third elsewhere. Should this relationship change? If so, why and how?The relationship should not change. America is only 5 percent of the world population but consumes 25% of beef. However, Burger King could sw itch up their menu but I do not think that will bring success. The fish and chicken products do not produce enough variety in international markets in my opinion.4. The case mentions that Burger King prefers to enter countries with large numbers of youth and shopping centers. Why do you think these conditions would be advantageous?5. How has Burger King’s headquarters location influenced its international expansion? Has this location strengthened or weekend its global competitive position?The location has weakened Burger King international expansion. Almost three fourths of all Burger restaurants are either in the United States or Latin America. Latin America because of its convenience makes up 25 percent of global operations. However, because of the small populated countries only 1/8 of the revenue comes from the same 25 percent of the international restaurants. The wealthy European countries are not6. Evaluate Burger King’s strategy of using the Brazilian experience to guide its entries into Russia.http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/5786561/Burger-King-apology-to-Hindus-for-advert.htmlhttp://www.ran.org/fileadmin/materials/education/factsheets/fs_beef.pdf Burger King Emphasis on customer service Mcdonald strongly believe in 3F Motto , Fun – Provide an enjoyable working environment for their employees Firm- Stay firm on doing the right thing for customers Fair- nurture an open and honest work culture based on integrity , teamwork and respect for each other . Based on this 3F , Mcdonland strongly emphasizes the voice of the customer,. They created multiple channels to listen to customers these channels cover brand health evolve product offerings catering to customer’s needsListening and engaging to customers is central to Mcdonald . They always put customer in the driver’s seat by listening, engaging and building relationship with them For example they provide variety of party services tailored for different groups of customers. To further engage with loyal customers they have launched two loyalty clubs, the mother’s club and McFun Club with special membership. Burger King is a fast food restaurant, but the walk route is a mid-range price, to create a restaurant-style dining experience.In addition to focusing on the quality of food, they keep try to create a sense of comfort, The way in which Burger King advertise its process of preparing Hamburgers â€Å"Flame Broiled’ instead of grill that fry, gives the buyer the satisfaction of buying a healthy steak (Hamburger). This not only ensure patronage but make the targeted market group feels good about the product. This later way of operation has been popularized with the term â€Å"have it your way â€Å"theme. It makes those who patronize this hamburger feels they are eating exactly the type of hamburgers they preferred.This not only work in terms of its strategy to gain market share but it also make younger generation identify with the product as young adolescence wants to have a feel they are making their own decision on what to eat instead of Mummy have them it her choice of food. Mc donland give us first feeling is warmth, fast and save time the set menu that the designed and packed are very easy to attract people attention . McDonald’s, for instance, has worked to portray itself as a healthier, hip place to eat, offering wireless access in restaurants, updating decor and introducing smoothies, oatmeal and yogurt parfaits. Burger King Business 338 Case Study- Burger King When thinking about entering a franchise one obviously wants to make the most profit as possible. As business partners we want to make money while being involved in something we are passionate about and that is food. So why not take a look at one of our favorite fast food restaurants that is a cornerstone in the fast food industry. When thinking about making any business decision the individual or individuals must look that themselves and decided if they are doing the right thing.The first thing we decided to take the pre- qualification questionnaire. The very first question asks how much you worth are in thousands and/or millions. From the beginning you can see that owning and operating a franchise involves big money. As of today being young and full of dreams we both know that we do not want to be particularly involved in the everyday operations of the restaurant. On the questionnaire it states whether or not you want to be involved only financi ally, in the day-to-day operations, or both. We chose only financially.The next step we decided to look through were the 4 P’s of franchising which are: * Product * Profitability * Process * People We all know Burger King has a great product in food choice especially with the famous Whopper! The quality and price of the food selection at the BK are very reasonable and we feel competitive with other fast food restaurants. In taking a closer look at Burger King we also like how they offer a training program. It requires you to attend a two week Franchisee Orientation and log up to 440 hours of in-restaurant training.During this initial training process, you will learn and experience all aspects of running a BURGER KING  restaurant. They also have an operations manual with comprehensive data that increases your chances of being successful in the business. Along with that they have a wonderful support team filled with experts in the franchise business that guide you on how to g row your business and give you advice. These include but are not limited to: * Director of Franchise Performance (DFP) * Sales, Profit and Operations Coach (SPO) * Real Estate Manager (REM) Construction and Design Manager (CM) * Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Group. One factor that enhanced our decision in choosing Burger King is that North Carolina is a key growth market for the franchise and they are already looking to expand in the region. Upon completion of the questionnaire they send you an automated email with a number for you to reach their franchising representatives for the franchising interview. After the interview there is the transaction selection, operations interview, transaction approval, and final approval. â€Å"Have it your way! †

Digital Learning Environment Essay

In the statement â€Å"Recently, there were two recent cover stories in Time Magazine: Their conclusion was that children today are different. In fact, based on what we now know from the neurosciences and psychological sciences, what we’re now beginning to understand is that children today are FUNDAMENTALLY different than we are in the way they think, in the way they access, absorb, interpret, process and use information, and in the way they view, interact, and communicate in the modern world because of their experiences with digital technologies. If this is the case, it holds profound implications for all of us personally and professionally.† I truly believe it’s true. I feel that we are surrounded by digital devices that were not there when I was young. There is new technology that comes out every day and eventually I believe that will be on only way of life in everything we do. I do feel that today’s learners have a different way of learning than we did in the past. I feel there are so many different factors that have changed how today children learns, thinking, etc. I believe the main factor is all the new technology that comes out daily. I feel that technology has been taken for granted for many different ways especially in the learning environment. For example, when I was in high school I had to go to the library to check out books to complete a research paper but in today’s world students just type what they are looking for on the computer and the web provides the answer. I feel it has taken away the experience of how to research something. People can learn so much more when they actually have to do the leg work on researching than just sitting on the couch and typing up the question and the computer does the work. I believe that it can show some laziness on the student’s part because it is others that have done the work and not them. The whole digital world has taken away a person’s creativity, personality (their own work), etc. I feel that having hands on and thinking skills expands their thought process and creative process where they utilizing their own thoughts and not anyone else’s. I feel at times that I would utilize the physical act of learning something instead of them researching on computers websites, etc. I also would have them use their own thoughts and try to learn to have an open mind to take in suggestions from other people. I will ensure that I give them the opportunity to learn from their own experiences with the help and guidance from myself and other adults. I feel this will get to use their own knowledge in cases where they don’t have the digital resources due to batteries going dead or don’t have the access.

Biography of Angela Davis, Political Activist, Academic

Biography of Angela Davis, Political Activist, Academic Angela Davis (born January 26, 1944) is a radical activist, philosopher, writer, speaker, and educator. In the 1960s and 1970s, she was well known for her association with the Black Panthers. She was fired from one teaching job for being a communist, and for a time she even appeared on the Federal Bureau of Investigations Ten Most Wanted list. Fast Facts: Angela Davis Known For: Davis is an academic and activist known for her association with the Black Panthers.Also Known As: Angela Yvonne DavisBorn: January 26, 1944 in Birmingham, AlabamaParents: B. Frank Davis and Sallye Bell DavisEducation: Brandeis University (B.A.), University of California, San Diego (M.A.), Humboldt University (Ph.D.)Published Works: Women, Race, Class, Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday, Are Prisons Obsolete?Spouse: Hilton Braithwaite (m. 1980–1983)Notable Quote: Revolution is a serious thing, the most serious thing about a revolutionarys life. When one commits oneself to the struggle, it must be for a lifetime. Early Life Angela Yvonne Davis was  born on January 26, 1944, in Birmingham, Alabama.  Her father B. Frank Davis was a teacher who later opened a gas station, and her mother Sallye Bell Davis was a teacher.  Davis lived in a segregated neighborhood and went to segregated schools through high school.  She later became involved with her family in civil rights demonstrations.  She spent some time in New York City, where her mother was earning a masters degree during summer breaks from teaching. Davis excelled as a student, graduating  magna cum laude  from Brandeis University in 1965, with two years of study at the Sorbonne, University of Paris. She studied philosophy in Germany at the University of Frankfurt for two years, then received an M.A. from the University of California at San Diego in 1968. Her doctoral study took place from 1968 to 1969. During her undergraduate years at Brandeis, she was shocked to hear of the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, which killed four girls she had known. This Ku Klux Klan-perpetrated violence marked a major turning point in the civil rights movement, bringing worldwide attention to the plight of African-Americans in the United States. Politics and Philosophy A member of the Communist Party USA, Davis became involved in radical black politics and in several organizations for black women, including Sisters Inside and Critical Resistance, which she helped found. Davis also joined the Black Panthers and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She was part of an all-black communist group called the Che-Lumumba Club, and through that group she began to organize public protests. In 1969, Davis was hired as an assistant professor at the University of California at Los Angeles. She used her post to teach Kant, Marxism, and philosophy in black literature. Davis  was popular as a teacher, but a leak identifying her as a member of the Communist Party led to the UCLA regent- headed then by Ronald Reagan- to dismiss her.  A court ordered her reinstatement, but she was fired again the next year. Activism After her dismissal from UCLA, Davis became involved in the case of the Soledad Brothers, a group of  prisoners at Soledad Prison. Anonymous threats led her to purchase weapons for self-defense. Davis was arrested as a suspected conspirator in the abortive attempt to free George Jackson, one of the Soledad Brothers, from a courtroom in Marin County, California, on August 7, 1970. A county judge was killed in the failed attempt to take hostages and rescue Jackson, and the guns used were registered in her name. Davis was eventually acquitted of all charges, but for a time she was on the FBIs most wanted list after she fled and went into hiding to avoid arrest. Davis is often associated with the Black Panthers and with the black power politics of the late 1960s and early 1970s. She joined the Communist Party when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968. Davis ran for vice president on the Communist Party ticket in 1980. Davis left the Communist Party in 1991, though she continues to be involved in some of its activities. As a self-described prison abolitionist, she has played a major role in the push for criminal justice reforms and other resistance to what she calls the prison-industrial complex. In her essay Public Imprisonment and Private Violence, Davis calls the sexual abuse of women in prison one of the most heinous state-sanctioned human rights violations within the United States today. Academia Davis taught in the Ethnic Studies department at San Francisco State University from 1980 to 1984. Although former Gov. Ronald Reagan swore she would never teach again in the University of California system, Davis began teaching at the University of California at Santa Cruz in 1991. During her tenure there, she continued to work as an activist and promote womens rights and racial justice. She has published books on race, class, and gender, including such popular titles as Angela Davis: An Autobiography, Are Prisons Obsolete?, The Meaning of Freedom, and Women, Culture Politics. When Davis retired from UCSC in 2008, she was named Professor Emerita. In the years since, she has continued her work for prison abolition, womens rights, and racial justice. Davis has taught at UCLA and elsewhere as a visiting professor, committed to the importance of liberating minds as well as liberating society. Personal Life Davis was married to photographer Hilton Braithwaite from 1980 to 1983. In 1997, she told Out magazine that she was a lesbian. Sources Aptheker, Bettina.  The Morning Breaks: The Trial of Angela Davis. Cornell University Press, 1999.Davis, Angela Y.  Angela Davis: an Autobiography. International Publishers, 2008.Davis, Angela Y.  Are Prisons Obsolete?  Seven Stories Press, 2003.Davis, Angela Y.  Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday. Vintage Books, 1999.Davis, Angela. â€Å"Public Imprisonment and Private Violence.† Frontline Feminisms: Women, War, and Resistance, by Marguerite R. Waller and Jennifer Rycenga, Routledge, 2012.Davis, Angela Y., and Joy James.  The Angela Y. Davis Reader. Blackwell, 1998.Timothy, Mary.  Jury Woman: the Story of the Trial of Angela Y. Davis. Glide Publications, 1975.

Business Ethics-Annual Sustainability Reports Essay

Business Ethics-Annual Sustainability Reports - Essay Example I am taking as an example two of the companies included in the Fortune 500 ranking of America's largest corporations. The companies I have chosen compete in the industry of Forest and Paper Products, as these companies have much to do with regard to one kind of sustainability, the environmental one. According to "FAO's State of the World's Forests 2007 report" over the 15 years from 1990 to 2005, the world lost 3 percent of its total forest area, an average decrease of some 0.2 percent per year2. Companies that work in the Paper Industry must be aware of their role and responsibility in the depletion of planet's natural resources. The actions they take regarding to this issue are reflected in their Annual Sustainability Reports. As the Global Reporting Initiative defines it, sustainability reporting is a process for publicly disclosing an organization's economic, environmental, and social performance3. Although these reports are a voluntary choice, many companies are starting to include them in their annual reports as a complement of their financial information and as a way of communicating with their stakeholders in different terms than just numbers. The first company we are going to consider is International Paper, which is in the place 114 in the Fortune 500 ranking and it is known as the world's largest paper company. Its headquarters are located in Memphis and they have been producing paper products since 1898. They manufacture a large variety of goods, from paper to pulp and packaging for a wide range of industries. On their website (http://www.internationalpaper.com) we can see their "Sustainability Update for the years 2004 - 2006"4. In this report we can find detailed information about their commitment to sustainability, which includes initiatives like selling large parcels of land to forest management organizations for their conservation (so these forests provide them sustainable certified wood), growing planted forests, maximizing the use of wood, protecting wildlife and endangered species in their lands, making a sustainable use of water, increasing the use of renewable energies, reducing greenhouse gas emissions,

How does diversity of employment affect the welfare(income per person) Dissertation - 2

How does diversity of employment affect the welfare(income per person) in cities of America - Dissertation Example More emphasize should be placed on authenticity of variable like population, age and income of people to attain a reliable result from the research. The sample quantity also should be enhanced to enable a full fledged assessment of the coastal and non- coastal cities as to their contribution to per capital income. Additional independent variable also should be included to get accuracy and efficiency in the statistical models. Also, efforts should be made to cover more population among the cities so as to deliver a believable outcome .It is observed that people in both cities with higher educational level influenced in increasing the average income of the cities.. Finally it can be estimated that more than economic diversity, the educational level and age of individuals have more effect in increasing the per capital income and wealth of a city. Work Cited Khan, M.Y. (2008).Financial services. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.

Media Freedom and Regualtion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Media Freedom and Regualtion - Essay Example try in conjunction with the Department of Culture, Media and Sports to come up with a White paper in 1998 which proposed the creation of a single super-regulatory body that would consolidate the powers and functions of all existing regulatory bodies, merging in effect the operations of such bodies into it. After extensive consultations conducted by the government on these proposals, the Office of Communications Act of 2002 was passed by Parliament finally making possible the creation of that regulatory body. A year later, the Communications Act of 2003 laid down in detail the powers and functions of OFCOM. The obvious advantage that OFCOM brought to UK broadcasting is that it has made simple and clearer communications regulations as it becomes the one single repository of communications authority, in addition to the comparatively efficient savings in costs that a single operating agency result as opposed to the total sum of costs of five different regulating bodies operating at once. Any discussion of UK broadcasting will not be complete without knowledge of its historical beginnings and thus, this paper will begin by tracing the history of UK broadcasting which is really synonymous with the birth of BBC to the present age of digital media. This is necessary to explain the unique status of UK broadcasting in the world, the enviable position of BBC in UK broadcasting and the sticky issue as to why even super-regulatory body OFCOM cannot completely placed BBC under its total remit. Likewise, it will provide a backdrop to the inevitability of creating a single regulatory body and provide a contrast to regulation pre-OFCOM and after OFCOM. It will then discuss OFCOM in detail, outlining its creation, nature, powers and functions after which the paper will attempt to delve on the accomplishments that OFCOM has, so far, brought into the UK broadcasting landscape. Thereafter, the paper will also consider what it sees as lapses or shortcomings in OFCOM operations in its

The Meanings Of A Racist Word English Language Essay

The Meanings Of A Racist Word English Language Essay In the essay The Meanings of the Word, Gloria Naylor discusses the essence of the word nigger and how it can mean many different things to different people in an endless list of situations. Depending on the individuals race, social status, gender, and age Naylor outlines how a word such as nigger can have different meanings within ones own environment. Naylor discusses how one word can go from having a positive to a negative effect merely due to how it is spoken and by whom. Naylor shares a personal experience with her readers as she describes the very first time she really heard the word nigger. A young white boy in her third grade class spit in her face. Naylor states, I didnt know what a nigger was, but I knew that whatever it meant, it was something he shouldnt have called me. (Naylor 109) Naylor writes about her own personal experiences clearly showing she is prejudice about how and when the word is acceptable. Even though her experiences are powerful, they can also be seen as a limited view of the subject. Her readers can only understand the situation through her eyes and her experiences. Naylor is trying to educate her readers by sharing her personal experiences. I think she wants her readers to sit and think about the words they use, how others may use them, and how those words affect others around them. Naylor wants her readers to understand how deeply she was affected by a young boy but also by how she didnt really think about the word nigger until the moment is was used in a hurtful manner towards her. Her main objective is to make her readers think about the words they choose to use and hear and how the context of these words is embedded in can change the meaning of them. To be a part of Naylors target audience one must have had experience with language and how people use it. She is targeting those who have heard or used the word nigger before. Naylor wants her readers to take on her experience and be empathetic towards her feelings. She does not do this in a pathetic way, as Naylor seeks no pity from anyone. She outlines in detail her experience and wants her readers to understand her views and how they came to be. Naylor assumes the role of a teacher in her writing. She assumes a person of a young girl experiencing a new way of understanding a word. Naylor wants her readers to understand how important the context in which one word is used, so she writes about her own personal experience, of which she is the sole authority. Naylor assumes a straight forward tone in her writing. She does not demand or point her fingers at any one group of people. She simply relays her experience in such a way that you cant help but to think about what it must have bee n like for her as a young girl experiencing a new meaning of a word in such a racial way. She does not take on a superior or subordinate tone; rather it is like she is having a conversation with her readers as her peers. I find this very powerful because she achieves what she wants is a very subtle manner. Naylor does not lecture or blame anyone; she is simply sharing her experiences. The introduction of The Meanings of a Word, is a frame for the rest of the writing to fill. Naylor discusses how language is the subject of her writing, and although the written word is what has kept her going throughout her life she still feels that the written word is inferior to the spoken word. Her arguments in the introduction of her writing are clear and easily understood. She is portraying just how powerful she feels the spoken word can be. Naylor states, Dialogue achieves its power in the dynamics of a fleeting moment of sight, sound, smell and touch. (Naylor 108) This helps the readers understand the power of a spoken word such as nigger. Naylors position is that words either written or spoken do not take on meaning until a consensus assigns one. Naylor states, Words themselves are innocuous; it is the consensus that gives them true power. (Naylor 109) As a writer Naylor feels that the spoken word has a greater impact than the written word by stating, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦much of the frustration experienced by novelists in the awareness that whatever we manage to capture in even the most transcendent passages falls far short of the richness of life. (Naylor 108) She introduces her readers to just how powerful the spoken word can be which is what the rest of the piece emphasizes. Naylor uses chronological organization in writing The Meanings of a Word. She starts with a childhood experience and then transitions into how her thoughts on the word nigger evolved into what they are today. In her conclusion Naylor sums her point of view up nicely. She wants to bring awareness to how words can take on different meanings depending on how, when and by whom they are used. She gives an example of how one word can take on an entirely new meaning and the fact that one may not really hear a word or take notice of it until it takes on that new meaning by stating, There must have been dozens of times that the word nigger was spoken in front of me before I reached third grade. But I didnt hear it until it was said by a small pair of lips that had already learned it could be a way to humiliate me. (Naylor 111) Naylor creates a conversational atmosphere where she puts her ideas together nicely in chronological order. She seems to develop a smooth relationship between her ideas in this way. Naylor uses personal experiences as her evidence. She uses conversational a tone that goes together nicely with the readers. My reason for saying this is because Naylor draws her readers in and t hey can easily understand and accept her experiences. Naylor uses her experiences to serve as an example and to offer credibility. The readers are drawn in by her experiences as a young girl, and her evolution of understanding. Naylor makes her readers think about what it would be like to really hear a word for the very first time, to look back and realize you had heard the word many times in a different context. The language used by Naylor is commonly used. She does not use big words that people do not understand or have to search for in the dictionary. She writes in a low style that is effective for her argument. This use of language brings to mind a seemingly friendly relationship with her readers, like she is sitting down with you sipping on a cup of tea discussing how context can change your understanding of a word. She is sharing a vital part of her life and experiences with the readers in order to make you aware and understand her argument.

College Writing in the College Classroom Essay -- Education Writing Es

College Writing in the College Classroom If someone were to ask a group of people what is the purpose of a college writing course in today’s society, they would have to first think about the purpose of college in today’s society.There would probably be a variety of thoughts and images that come to mind like â€Å"it’s a place where you can get a degree,† â€Å"a place where you can learn things that prepare you for the real world,† or â€Å" it’s a place where you can further your education from where you left off in high school.†The group may also think of things like â€Å"a place just like regular school, except it’s harder, and you have to pay for it,† or â€Å"the place that you have to go to if you want a chance at any real decent job.†But in all actuality, that’s only looking at face value.College provides you with the necessary tools needed to improve yourself in the ways that you choose. Now if you added the words â€Å"college† and â€Å"writing course† together, you may get a phrase that may be intimidating to some people.When people see the word â€Å"college,† the word â€Å"advanced† may come to mind.Even the phrase â€Å"writing class† may be enough to scare away some people.The thought of a â€Å"college writing class† may be unbearable.Why would even mentioning the phrase â€Å"college writing class† strike fear in the hearts of men?More than likely these people, or students, probably went through their entire school writing careers with a variety of different teachers.Each of these teachers probably had different views, and methods of teaching writing. This accusation won’t relate to everyone, but I can confidently present this theory based on personal experience.Each of my four high school English courses were different in many different ways.In my freshman ... ...ortable in the classroom environment.The teacher should be understanding of each person’s opinions, and respect what writing that they feel should be confidential.While it isn’t that important for a teacher to teach exactly like another, it is important that they focus on trying to meet the same goals.If both student and teacher worked together and respected each other’s opinions and techniques, then that would be a large step in improving how the subject of English is taught and learned in the college classroom. Works Cited Hairston, Maxine. â€Å"Diversity, Ideology, and Teaching Writing.† College Composition and Communication 43.2. May 1992: 179-195. Swartzlander, Susan, Diana Pace, Virginia Lee Stamler. â€Å"Diversity, Ideology, and Teaching Writing† The Chronicle of Higher Education. 1993: B1-B2. Tan, Amy. †Mother Tongue.† The Threepenny Review. 1990

A considerate of contemporary management function Essay

A considerate of contemporary management function of the employer-employee relationship The six journal articles that have been looked at stem from the original Locke, (1982) article. Frederick W. Taylor popularised of scientific management. The essay will discuss 5 aspects of Taylor’s ideas about scientific management and show how understandings of contemporary management functions and the employer-employee relationship have been developed from Taylor’s ideas. What was Taylor’s idea about the management? Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. The ideas about the relationship between employer and employee have been developed from a nother. Retain critical employees is important and necessary. According to the Fitz-enz(1997), the company average losses 1 million with every 10 people who is the managerial and professional employees. In addition, the total cost of least a former employee at least a year of wages and benefits, up to two years of unpaid salary and benefits. This is a huge economic loss with a company loses a number of critical employees. As a manager, we must give employees adequate physiological, safety, love, esteem. One of the advice is managers should look into a way to motivate employees to achieve a satisfactory and unmet needs through activities and exercises. Managers have a responsibility to create a suitable environment to inspire employees to their fullest potential. If no such right environment, will lead to a big difference such as lower job satisfaction, lower productivity, lower profit with a company. How to effectively improve the relationship between managers and employees? Taylor given 4 methods. (a) Scientific management: In Principles of Scientific Management (1911)Fredrick Winslow Taylor, the â€Å"Father† of scientific management utilises scientific methods to define th e â€Å"one best way† for a job to be done (b) Scientific selections. Taylor advocated selecting only â€Å"first class†(i.e., high aptitude) men for a given job because their productivity would be several times greater than that of the average man. (c) Money bonus. Taylor claimed that the money is what employees want most, he thinks employees should be paid from 30% to 100% higher wages for to do his job. (d) Management responsibility for training. Taylor thought that most contemporary managers should fully accept the notion that training new employees is their responsibility. My understanding about the  employer-employee relationship has also been shaped by these articles. I have learnt that (1) Scientific management can focus speed of production, low cost production and availability of an unskilled workforce. In addition, today’s use of scientific management can use time and motion studies to increase productivity, hire the best qualified employees and design incentive systems based on output. Equity theory is a theory of social comp arison effect on employees. This theory appears to be very common, but it is very important. Equity theory refers to the rate of employees with their work output and input compared with others. Time input includes the time of the work, work habits, work experience, work attitude, and so on. When they found unfair, they usually can’t change the rate of others, can’t change their input, so employees will find ways to change their output. This may mean that they will reduce their work time or effort to work. Then, the manager can use the equity theory to motivate employees. Managers can use a more open system of remuneration paid for employees to understand each position and every effort should position relative to how much salary can be get. (2) Scientific selections: Everybody have their own good aspects, based on each person strengths and rational allocation of work. As a result, not only can bring effectively produce but also can make person enjoy their work. According to the Wren (1979) notes that Taylor focuses on scientific selection can promote the develop ment of industrial psychology and personnel management and other areas. (3) Money bonus: How to influence people? The most common method is money bonus. Such as up wages, bonuses, benefits. These things are the most effective way to influence the work of passion and power of a work. Through the Vroom’s (1946) expectancy theory, we can find that an employee will play his better efforts when he is convinced that his efforts would be better evaluated. And these evaluations will bring him more rewards such as bonuses, salary increases. These rewards will meet staff personal goals. Individual employee attitudes and enthusiasm in their work will determine to a large extent a company’s performance. According to the Porter (1968) and Lawler’s expectancy model of motivation, this model proposes two factors that determine spending on a number of tasks energy. The first is the personal rewards from work to get. These returns will be the psychological perception of employees is their own work to be sure. The second is that these returns will be formed job satisfaction. (4) Management  responsibility for training: The staff training is an essential element of human resource management. Managers can’t ignore their training responsibilities. Understanding management system in staff training in this area can help you build an effective training system to help you prepare new employees for their work To sum up, from the six articles considered, scientific management can not only getting the most output from the least amount of inputs but also focus on those work activities that will help the company reach its goals. Taylor’s idea has shaped modern employer-employee relationships. Work is still specialised, personal are still trained. The quality of work is still rewarded in bonuses, as well as other. Reference: 1.Three chapters in The Ideas of Frederick W Taylor: An Evaluation’. 2.Wren, D. A. The evolution of management thought (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley, 1979. 3.Towards a unified model of employee motivation / Darren J. Elding, Andrew M. Tobias and David S. Walk [Chichester, West Sussex, England] : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006 4.Kotter, John P. What effective general managers really do / John P. Kotter Boston [etc.] : Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1982 5.Managing in the new millennium : understanding the manager’s motivational tool bag / Patricia M. Buhl Burlington, Iowa, etc., National Research Bureau, etc.], 2003 6.A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organiz Hollywood, FL : Journal of American Academy of Business, 2004

Inventory Management on Performance

DECLARATION I, Lucy Lakot, do declare hereby that this proposal is my original work and that it has not been submitted for an award of a diploma or a degree in any institution of higher learning anywhere. Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ APPROVAL This is to satisfy that this research proposal is written under my supervision and is now ready for submission to the Faculty of business and development studies (FBDS) Signed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mr. Mshilla Maghanga DEDICATION I dedicate this proposal to my late mother, Mrs Adong Santina, my father, Mr.Pungole, my brother Okello Innocent, late Okello Alex, my beloved sister Alal Cavin, Atenyo Nighty, Aol Grace and Lucy Lakot TA BLE OF CONTENTS Contents Pages DECLARATIONi APPROVALii DEDICATIONiii TABLE OF CONTENTSiv LISTS OF ABBREVATIONS/ACRONYMSviii LIST OF TABLESix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1 1. 0Introduction1 1. 1Background1 1. 3Purpose of the Study3 1. 4Objectives of the Study4 1. 5Research Questions4 1. 6Scope of the Study4 1. 6. 1Geographical scope4 1. 6. 2Subject Scope5 1. 6. 3Time Scope5 1. 7 Significance of the Study5 1. Structure of the Research Proposal6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW7 2. 0Introduction7 2. 1The Concept of Inventory Management7 2. 2Techniques of Inventory Management in Organization8 2. 2. 1First In First Out (FIFO)8 2. 2. 2Last In Fast Out (LIFO)9 2. 2. 3Weighted Average9 2. 2. 4The Re Order Level System (ROL)/ Fixed Order Point System9 2. 2. 5The Periodic Review System/ Fixed Interval10 2. 2. 6The Economic Order Quantity Analysis (EOQ)10 2. 2. 7The ABC Analysis10 2. 2. 8Just In Time Technique10 2. 3Principles of Good Inventory Management11 2. 3. Cleanliness and Organization11 2. 3 . 2The Principles of Stock Rotation12 2. 3. 3Tracking12 2. 4Organizational Performance12 2. 4. 1Indicators of Performance14 2. 4. 2Social Responsibility15 2. 4. 3Strategic Cost Management15 2. 4. 4Information Sharing15 2. 4. 5Flexibility16 2. 5Relationship between Inventory Management and Performance16 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY18 3. 0Introduction18 3. 1Research Design18 3. 2Area of study18 3. 3Target population18 3. 4Population and Sample Size19 3. 4. 1Procedures of Data Collection20 3. 4. 2Sample Technique20 . 5 Data Sources20 3. 5. 1Primary Data21 3. 5. 2Secondary Data21 3. 6Data Collection methods21 3. 6. 1Questionnaires21 3. 6. 2Observation guide22 3. 6. 3Interview guide22 3. 7 Data Processing and Analysis22 3. 7. 1Data Analysis and Management22 3. 8Ethical Considerations23 3. 9Limitation of the Study23 REFERENCE25 APPENDICES27 APENDIX 1: WORK PLAN 201227 APENDIX 2: BUDGET ESTIMATES28 APPENDIX 3: QUESTIONAIRE INSTRUMENTS29 SECTION A: Demographic Characteristic29 SECTION B: Tech niques of inventory management in Anaka General Hospital? 0 SECTION C: Indicator of the organizational performance31 SECTION D: The relationship between inventory management and organizational performance33 SECTION E: Evaluation of the factors that affects the performance of Anaka General Hospital34 LISTS OF ABBREVATIONS/ACRONYMS AGHAnaka General Hospital AVSIAssociazione Volontari Peril Servizio Internationale DHODistrict Health Officer EOQEconomic Order Quantity FIFOFirst in First out LIFOLast in First out MSMedical Superintendent NDLGNwoya District Local Government PHCPrimary Health CareROLReorder Level SWOTStrength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat WHOWorld Health Organization LIST OF TABLES Table 1: 3 The researcher samples sizes CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1. 0Introduction This chapter highlights the inventory management and performance in general public Hospital case study of Anaka General Hospital Nwoya District. This chapter gives the background to the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, scope of the study, significance of the study and report structure. . 1Background Anaka General Hospital (AGH) was constructed in 1969 and opened in 1974 by the president of the Government of Uganda at that time. It is a district Hospital with 100 bed capacity, it is the referral facility and head quarter for Nwoya Health sub district. It provides all primary health care services (PHC), for examples curative, preventive, promotive and rehabilitation to Anaka sub-county and referral to the entire district.The vision is to improve the health of the people of Nwoya district in order to promote a healthy and productive population In early profits and non-profit making organizations, inventories constitute an important element in the management of the organization. The need for inventory management is influenced by the capacity of managing decisions since the existence of inventories will be determined by the ca pacity management strategies which are to be employed ( Wild, 1995).Inventory management refers to the organizational efforts and procedures aimed at protecting the firm from extensive or inadequate levels of inventories and to maintain sufficient inventory for smooth production and sales (Pandey, 2003). Inventory management in Anaka General Hospital stores focuses on how many units of each inventory items are to be held in stock, how much should be issued at a given time and at what point should inventory be issued and dispatched ( Johns, 2002).For effective management of inventories, co-operation of the various departments in the organization is required. The departments vary from organization to another but they usually involve the purchasing department as the most important although each of which has a role to play in coordination amongst themselves to facilitate efficient and smooth process of ordering, receiving, issuing and usage of materials is required (White, 1997).When in ventories are properly managed, it leads to increased production hence improved organizational performance. Organizational performance comprises the actual output or results of an organization as measured against its intended outputs or goals and objectives. According to Richard et al. (2009) organizational performance encompasses three specific areas of a firm outcome: financial performance, product market performance, and shareholder return.In recent years, many organizations have attempted to manage organizational performance using the balanced scorecard methodology where performance is tracked and measured in multiple dimensions such as: In recent years, many organizations have attempted to manage organizational performance using the balanced scorecard methodology where performance is tracked and measured in multiple dimensions such as:- customer service , social responsibility and employee stewardship Although the Balanced Scorecard has become very popular, there is no single v ersion of the model that has been universally accepted.The diversity and unique requirements of different enterprises suggest that no one-size-fits-all approach will ever do the job. Performance measurement is the use of statistical evidence to determine progress towards specific defined organizational objectives. There are many types of measurements. In school, exams are graded to establish the academic abilities; in sports, time is clocked in split seconds to verify the athletic abilities. Similarly in organizations, there are various tools and measurements to determine how well it performs.Gamble, Strickland and Thompson (2007, p. 99) provide a comprehensive method for measuring performance of organizations. How well each company performs is dependent on the strategic plan. Some of the measurements include basic financial ratios such as debt-to-equity ratio and if the levels are an issue with creditworthiness. 1. 2Statement of the Problem Inventory management is concerned with th e management of inventories that are crucial for the efficient and effective running of an organization.However, even if Anaka General Hospital is practicing good inventory management techniques/practices, it has continuously failed to meet the expectations of its customers that is to say the patients in the hospitals and the health centers it serves (The District Board of Survey Report 2011). These facts may be due to untimely delivery of medical supplies, poor quality of the medical supplies as well as employing incompetent workers who lack skills and the knowledge required.This has impacted on the general performance of the Hospital negatively; therefore it is upon this basis that encourages the researcher to carry out an investigation into this anomaly hence prompting the research. 1. 3Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to find out whether inventory management affects performance in Anaka General Hospital, Nwoya district 1. 4Objectives of the Study The specific obj ectives of the study will be: 1. To find out the techniques used in inventory management in Anaka General Hospital, Nwoya District 2.To establish the levels of performance in Anaka General Hospital, Nwoya District 3. To examine the relationship between inventory management and performance in Anaka General Hospital, Nwoya District 1. 5Research Questions In order to arrive at the above set objectives, the study will focus on the following research questions. 1. What are the techniques used in inventory management in Anaka General Hospital? 2. What are the levels of performance in Anaka General Hospital? 3. What is the relationship between inventory management and performance in Anaka General Hospital? 1. 6Scope of the Study . 6. 1Geographical scope The study will be carried in Anaka General Hospital Nwoya district. This is chosen because the researcher stays within Anaka Town Council and it’s cheaper in terms of transport and accommodation. 1. 6. 2Subject Scope The study will c over the important aspects in the variables under the study by taking into account the techniques of inventory management, importance of inventory management and the indicators of performance in Anaka General Hospital 1. 6. 3Time Scope The study will be undertaken within a period of five months ranging from February 2012-June 2012.This time is chosen to provide a good cut for the attainment and access to the most recent data on inventory management and performance in Anaka General Hospital. 1. 7 Significance of the Study The study is expected to benefit and contribute through the following ways. 1. The study is part of the partial requirements for the award of a Bachelor Degree in Business Administration in Gulu University 2. The study will also help the researcher to widen the understanding of the relationship between inventory management and its associated costs and will help in acquiring more knowledge in the variable under study. . The study may also act as a basis for future re search in the field of inventory management and performance. 4. The study may help policy makers in coming up with the procedures and strategies in inventory management and performance. 1. 8Structure of the Research Proposal Chapter one contains the introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study and scope of the study.Chapter two contains the review of relevant literature that has been advanced by different writers in the field of inventory management and performance with the aim of finding the relationship between the two variables. Chapter three consists of descriptions of how the study will be conducted that is, introduction, research design, sampling design, sample size, sampling population, sources of data, data collection methods, data processing analysis and interpretation and limitations to the study.CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 0Introduction This chapter prese nts the existing literature in the field of inventory management and performance . Here the concept of inventory management is defined according to different authors, techniques of inventory management, principles of inventory management, organizational performance, indicators of performance and the relationship between inventory management and performance are presented among others. 2. 1The Concept of Inventory ManagementInventory management refers to the organizational efforts and procedures aimed at protecting the firm from excessive and inadequate levels of inventories and to maintain sufficient inventories for the smooth production (Pandey, 2003). Inventory management is concerned essentially with the use and control of inventories. The need for inventory is influenced by capacity decisions since the existence of inventories will in parts be determined by the capacity management strategies which are to be employed ( Wild, 2002).According to Gilbert et al (2000) inventory manage ment has been defined in terms of an organization that aims at determining the range of qualities of materials and products, which should be stocked, and the regulation of the receipts and issues of materials. He further noted that inventory management must ensure that the business has the right quantity of goods in the right place and at the right time under inventory management, efforts should be made or placed at the right time, with the right quantity, with the right quality at the right place.Broadly Lysons (2002) defines inventory as raw materials, work in progress and finished good. Inventory management aim at providing both internal and external customers with the required service levels in terms of quality and order fill rate, ascertaining present and further arrangements for all types of inventory to avoid over stocking while avoiding bottlenecks in production and costs to a minimum by variety reductions, economic sizes and analysis of costs incurred in obtaining and carry ing inventories.For effective management of inventories, it requires the co-operations of the various departments in the way the organization handles its inventories. The responsibility of managing work in progress and finished products may be with the material control department equally it could line some other section within the organization (Muhleman, 2000). According to Gupta (2001) inventory management is described as the process that involves fixing the minimum and maximum inventory levels, determining the size of the inventory to be carried at a given time and the issue price policy. 2. 2Techniques of Inventory Management in OrganizationAccording to Nixon (2008), inventory management techniques include; 2. 2. 1First In First Out (FIFO) This method often referred to as (FIFO) is based on assumption that the first inventory acquired is the first inventory sold or issued out. In otherwise each sale is made out of the oldest inventories in stock. The ending inventories there for consists of the most recent cost which may be adopted by any business regardless of whether or not the physical flow of merchandise actually corresponds to this assumption of selling the oldest units in stock. 2. 2. 2Last In Fast Out (LIFO)This method is based on the principle that materials entering store/production unit are the most recently purchased. This means materials issued to production are prized/issued using the most recent purchased price, the batch of goods purchased most recently are issued first. The closing stock is therefore valued at the oldest purchase price. 2. 2. 3Weighted Average According to the institute of management Accounting (London) weighted average cost is calculated by dividing total of materials in the sock from which the materials to priced or issued would be drown by the total quantity of materials in stock.When the average costing method is used, the cost figures determined for the ending inventories are influenced by the various price paid during the year. The price paid early at the year may carry as much weight in pricing the ending inventories as a price paid at the end of the year. If the price has been rising during the year, the average unite cost will be less than the current cost prevailing at the balance sheet date. 2. 2. The Re Order Level System (ROL)/ Fixed Order Point System The reorder level is the level at which a replenishment order should be placed in order that delivery is when the minimum level is reached. Orders for the same fixed quantity will be required whenever it becomes necessary to do so. The frequency with which orders are made changes according to the level of demand, ROL system has the following characteristic; a pre determined level is set for each item. When the stock level falls to the ROL, a replenishment order is issued. Organizations operating this system maintain stock records with calculated re order levels.The re order system has three control levels, the ROL which was already defined, the maximum stock level which a level above which stock should not normally rise and the minimum stock level which is a level below which sock should not be allowed to fall. It is also known as safety sock or buffer stock. Incase stock is to fall below this level, stoppage is likely to occur. 2. 2. 5The Periodic Review System/ Fixed Interval This system is sometimes called the constant cycle system. The stock will be reviewed at regular fixed intervals to determine whether more should be ordered.An order will be raised for the required quantity. The system as the following characteristics; stock levels of all parts are reviewed at fixed interval for example every 2 weeks, where necessary, a replenishment order is issued, the quantity of the replenishment order is not a previously calculated economic order quantity but is based up on the likely demand until the next review, the present stock level and lead time. The replenishment order quantity seeks to bring stock up to a pre determ ined level. 2. 2. 6The Economic Order Quantity Analysis (EOQ)EOQ is a model that is used to decide optimum order size of the sock which will minimize the costs of ordering and holding cost. It is a deterministic type of model which assumes that all parameters (factors) are known with certainty. It assumes ordering and holding costs are known with certainty. There is a spontaneous delivery (no time lag between ordering and receiving) of items. The rate of demand is known and the demand period is normally assumed to be one year. There is unknown constant price per unit and all other factors are held constant. 2. 2. 7The ABC AnalysisThis relates to the classification of materials in the store. Materials are classified according to their importance. Group A are crucial for organizational performance, if there were a shortage of such material, production shortage would occur, they represent 70% of investment in inventory. Group B may not be crucial and they may not disrupt production act ivities but still they are also important. They normally represent 20% of investment in the inventory. Group C are materials which may be necessary for a firms production activities but are not so important.They normally represent 10% of investment in inventory. 2. 2. 8Just In Time Technique Here items of very high value that are frequently used, it makes sense to attempt to keep low or possibly no inventory of these items and instead get frequent deliveries possibly on a daily basis. The objective is to avoid tying lots of money in stock (working capital). Organization will need to find extremely reliable suppliers of defect free product who are just in time oriented. Just in time is based on pull concept, where by suppliers wait for a signal from their customers before they deliver or replenish.According to the study carried out by AVSI in 2005 inventory management techniques being used at the moment especially in areas of storage, and supply to medical supplies in Anaka General H ospital is a mixture of techniques . Stock brought today may be mixed up with already existing stock and when giving out stock to the clients, it does not matter which stock comes first either the old stock or the new stock. 2. 3Principles of Good Inventory Management In the business world, not everyone follows good principles that aid in their success.However, the principles of inventory management cannot be ignored if the organization expects to maintain a quality business with a good reputation for always being able to assist a customer. Employing good principles is the best way to profit in any industry because it keeps the organization a float in a world. Principles maintain organizational quality and responsibility to a project and to aspects that are most important in the inventory management (Graham, 2000). 2. 3. 1Cleanliness and Organization This principle of inventory management is simple and easy to follow, if the organization simply makes it a point to do so.For example, one of the top priorities in inventory management is to maintain a clear organized store in which all items are properly stored and labeled. This is important for several reasons. Cleanliness is important for an organization, staff and products the store (Lee, 2001). The organized storage and labeling allows easy location and order pull of stock or any item in the warehouse without any difficulty in searching. 2. 3. 2The Principles of Stock Rotation If the organization employees good principles of inventory management it will be certain to rotate the stock, selling through order stock before delivering into new shipments.This will ensure that the organization always has fresh products and doesn’t lose money by having to write off old items (Gary, 2002). 2. 3. 3Tracking Keeping careful track of all the items in the warehouse is one of the best principles of inventory management. Obviously, one can benefit greatly by employing just a few basic principles of inventory managemen t in the organization work place. The more the organization work towards running a tight ship, the better off the organization will be as managers and the more profitable your department in business will be. 2. Organizational Performance According to Stonner (2002) organizational performance is the measure of how effective and efficient an organization is and how well it achieves the appropriate objectives. It involves the assessment of achievements of organizational objectives and planning for the future change. That is it involves the identification of major issues and solutions relating to one or more areas such as organizational strategy, human resource strategy, human resource policies, organizational structure design, staff skills mix and communication channel.Problems of this nature can significantly limit organizational performance and development (Deloitte, 2006). Armstrong (2000) defined organizational performance as a state of degree of how an organization is governed in relation to the organizational goals; its capacity to successfully implement set objectives in order for it to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Organizational performance is therefore a process; it can be positive or negative. Negative organizational performance is a degree in which an organization deviates from its set goals and objectives during the implementation of the short term and long term goals.For organizational performance to be positively achieved, management should set short term and specific goals that can be feasible as well as able to guide long term goals. An organizational budget estimate should be tailored to meet its goals and objectives by identifying and removing obstacles during the implementation of the estimates. Pandey (2002) defined performance as the financial strength and weakness of a firm by properly establishing a link between the balance sheet and income statement.He further argued that performance entails effectiveness which refers t o the firm’s ability to serve and produce what is required by the market at a particular time effectively, which refers to the firm’s ability to serve and produce what is required by the market at a particular time effectively, which refers to the firm’s ability to serve and produce what’s required by the market at a particular time effectively which means meeting the objectives of the lower possible cost with the highest benefit.Kotler (2002) stated that performance measures must focus attention on what makes identities and communicates the driver of success, support organizational learning and provide basis for assessment and rewards. He further lamented that it can be looked at in terms of competitive feasibility resource utilization and annotations. When seeking to improve the performance of an organization it is very helpful to regularly conduct assessments of current performance of the organization.Assessment might be planned, systematic and explici t (these often are the best kinds of assessments) or un planned SWOT analysis diagnosis models without recognizing or referring to them as such. Along with comparison of results to various best practices or industry standards (Pearce, 2000). The organization is used to an ongoing performance management for employees, for example setting goals, monitoring the employee’s achievement of those goals, sharing feedback with the employee, evaluating the employee performance, rewarding performance or firing the employees.Performance management applies to organizations too and includes recurring activities to establish organizational goals, monitor progress towards the goals and make adjustment to achieve those goals more effectively and efficiently. Those recurring activities are much of what leaders and managers inherently do in their organizations some do them far better than others. 2. 4. 1Indicators of Performance The key performance indicator is a measure of performance, such me asures are commonly used to help an organization define and evaluate how successful it is typically in terms of making progress towards its long term organizational goals.The performance indicator may be monitored using the business intelligence techniques to assess the present state of the business and to assist in prescribing a course of action (Frank, 1998). The act of monitoring the performance indicators in real term is known as business activity monitoring. The key performance indicators are frequently used to value difficulties in measuring activities such as the benefits of leadership development, engagement service and satisfaction they are typically tied to an organization’s strategy using concepts or techniques such as balanced stored card (Quinn, 2000).The key performance indicators differ depending on the nature of the organization and the organization’s strategy. They help to evaluate the process of an organization towards its vision and long term goals e specially towards difficulties in quantifying knowledge based goals. The performance indicators differ from business drivers and aims or goals. A school might consider the failure rate of its students as a key performance indicator which might help the school under its position in the education community where as a business might consider the percentage of income from customers.Therefore, the indicators of performance include; 2. 4. 2Social Responsibility These are values that guide people in organizations and corporate. Culture that embodies those values and values held by people outside the organization (Robert, 2000). He further says that social responsibility makes people buy a product from a company because of the company’s good reputation. Stonner, (2000), states that corporate culture can be a strong force for organizational performance. 2. 4. 3Strategic Cost ManagementAccording to Pearce (2000) modern businesses strategically manage their costs through identifying cos ts and drivers, developing appropriate process and strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating the costs so as to enhance business performance. 2. 4. 4Information Sharing Quinn (2000) said that improved decision making and performance efficiently is due to realistic informed and detailed information sharing. He further asserts that outcomes of the relationship and interactive feedback are used o make improvements. 2. 4. 5Flexibility Flexibility of an organization is yet another determinant of performance. This means ability to manage change in a business. The increased performance of any organization is reflected in its ability to make changes without and delay. This flexibility can take a form of development needs continuous update of information or improved technology. Therefore, lack of flexibility in an organization’s activities will reflect reduced profits. 2. Relationship between Inventory Management and Performance It was observed that inventory management in organizat ions has a positive significant relationship with performances whereby when all the materials and inventories are properly managed; they lead to increased levels of efficiency and effectiveness that will help indecision making from the organization. According to a study conducted about inventory management by Karamagi (2004), on bank of Uganda, with the introduction of computerized system the overall management of stock has improved with regards to monitoring, reconciliation and reordering and requisition thus performance.Accordingly, inventory management has helped in tracking record process so that stocks are available all the time so that there are no stock outs and for emergency purposes. Receipts and issues are posted directly and automatically on to the system other than stock cards. Akers and Porter (2001) included that the use of inventory management at any level of an organization can have implications for competitive advantage. At the highest echelons of an organization, t he inventory management is crucial to successful strategic planning.Duff (2001) and Mitskavick (2000) also reported that at the operational level, availability of inventory can result in increased organizational efficiencies such as increased sales, decreased inventory, increased customer service, shortened production lead times and lowered labour costs. CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 3. 0Introduction This chapter discusses the research design, area of the study, target population and methods to be used by researcher to gather information, study population, sampling size and procedures, data collection tools, data analysis and limitations of the study. 3. 1Research DesignA research design is a plan to carry out a research project/ it is a pattern the research is going to follow/it is the overall plan or strategy for conducting the research. Oso and Onen, 2005 pg 69). For this research purpose, qualitative, quantitative and descriptive research designs will be used. The rationale for sel ection of the designs above is that case study uses smaller samples for in-depth analysis other than covering the entire population; the design is also multi model, concrete and contextual in nature. 3. 2Area of study This research is going to be carried out in Anaka General Hospital, Nwoya district. . 3Target population The study will target the following category of people: – medical superintendant, doctors, store keepers and other employees. They are chosen because of their day today mandate and interface with inventory management issues and Performance in Anaka General Hospital 3. 4Population and Sample Size Aggarwal (1988:14) stated that the term population in research refers to a universe of interest to the study. A population is the group to which a researcher would like the results of a study to be generalisable and make reference to a specific situation or context.The study will include medical superintendant, doctors, store keepers, District Health Officer, nurses, other employees and selected patients and other employees. A number of 54 respondents will be expected to be given the questionnaires and or interviewed. The medical superintendant, doctors, storekeepers, employees and patients will be chosen because they are the people expected to be having enough experience as partners to the field of inventory management in Anaka General Hospital Table 1: 3 Showing the sample sizes S/NO| RESSPONDENTS| NUMBER| 1| Medical superintendent| 1| 2| Doctors| 2| 3| District Health officer| 1| | Store keeper| 2| 5| Nurses| 12| 6| Other employees(Dentist, Pharmacy, Administrator, Record Assistant, Laboratory Assistant, Darkroom Attendant)| 24| 7| Patient| 12| | TOTAL| 54| Sources: Source: Researchers’ proposed sample size 3. 4. 1Procedures of Data Collection This will be based on purposive sampling; According to Shaughnessy and Zechmeister (1997:139) purposive sampling is where the investigator selects individuals to be included in the sample on the basis of their special characteristics. This method shall be used by the researcher to obtain respondents who have some knowledge on the subject matter.Purposive sampling design will be used to choose the area in which the study will be conducted because of the proximity to the researcher in views of time and fund constraints. The study will purposely be based at Anaka medical stores serving in this case as service provider and the community as patients/consumers. 3. 4. 2Sample Technique The researcher will employ systematic random sampling to carry out the study. Systematic random sampling will be used to select the category of respondents to be Included in the sample. The purpose of using this technique is to avoid being bias in the Selection of respondents.Systematic random samplings requires establishing the number from the population List in the camp then later identify every nth member in the population from the Randomized list of the population. This technique will group the population sampled into Separate identical subjects with equal chances that share similar or same characteristics to Ensure equitable representation of the population in the sample. This technique is Preferred because it selects without bias. It also saves time and Money. 3. 5 Data Sources The data source shall compromise of the following; 3. 5. Primary Data The researcher shall collect fresh data and for the first time which will be original in nature from Anaka General Hospital stores and will directly be obtained from the filled records. 3. 5. 2Secondary Data The researcher will review literature which contains the data that has been collected by some other people but relevant to the researcher’s topic of the study for instance from magazines, journals, text books and internet sources. 3. 6Data Collection methods Data from the field will be obtained by use of combination of the following data collection methods.The researcher will use questionnaires, interview and document analysis as the main tool for collecting data. The selection of this tool will be guided by the nature of data to be collected. 3. 6. 1Questionnaires Questionnaires will be used since the research is mainly with variables that cannot be directly observed such as views, opinions, perceptions and feelings of the respondents. Such information is best collected through questionnaires. The sample size comprise of (54) Respondents and given the time constraints, questionnaires is the ideal tool for collecting data.The researcher intends to use categorized instrument that is both open and closed questions and optional responses. This will enable the researcher to balance between quality and quantity of data. It will also simplify data analysis and coming out with clear report on the study. 3. 6. 2Observation guide This will be employed by the researcher to collect information from Anaka General Hospital by observing how the drugs are issued to the respective users and how they are stocked in the stores. 3. 6. 3Interview guide Data shall be collected using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.Colin (1993:47) stated that â€Å"a guide can be directed on a given set of predetermined questions†. The researcher used an in-depth interview guide to gather information about the study. The in-depth interview approach is relevant because of the sensitivity of the issues being studied which required in-depth exploration. This will be conducted by the researcher to probe for more information in a face to face discussion with the Anaka General Hospital management. This will target the doctors and storekeepers at the Hospital 3. 7 Data Processing and Analysis 3. 7. 1Data Analysis and ManagementData analysis is defined as â€Å"a process of inspecting data with the goal of highlighting useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making†. Data shall be obtained from detailed field notes and written data collected through questionnair es. The analysis shall involve the organization of data into themes by searching for patterns emerging from data collected. The information from the questionnaires shall be written and presented by researcher as provided by the respondents. This data shall be used by the researcher to provide a descriptive analysis of the respondents’ understanding of store management.The findings will later be analyzed using Micro soft Excel to present the data in term of percentages using pie-charts and bar graph. This will be useful in displaying pattern in the collected data, and these patterns were used to make generalization on the basis of recommendation made. 3. 8Ethical Considerations The research topic was first approved by faculty of Business and Development Studies of Gulu University research committee . The researcher will then obtain a letter of introduction from Gulu University which will be presented to the District Health Officer Nwoya District and Medical superintendent of A naka General Hospital.All respondents will be informed about the purpose of the study, their freedom to participant, and also assured of confidentiality, the researcher also promise to provide copies of his finding to the University and the MS, DHO of Anaka General Hospital 3. 9Limitation of the Study The following are the anticipated limitations; Some respondents may intend to withhold information for fear of exposing their incompetence. This will be overcomed by, assuring them of confidentiality of the information that they also stand to benefit if implementation of the recommendation of the study are taken.There may be inadequate inventory control record for review by the researcher, more so because the Hospital does not even used electronic databases. To bridge the gap, interview and discussion will be used to identify and explain the missing or inaccurate data respectively. Financial constraint may also disturb the researcher since he is self-sponsored and to reduce the cost, t he researcher will undertake some activities such as typing, binding the research proposal, the questionnaires, the interview schedules.Time is a limitation in that the frame for submitting the search proposal is short considering the size of departments and the distance of Anaka General Hospital its 56KM from Gulu town and some respondents may delay completing of questionnaires due to their personal commitment and these may slow down the compilation of data. To prevent these, the researcher will engage a research assistant to speed up data collection. REFERENCE Aggarwal, Y. P. (1988). Better Sampling: Concepts, Techniques, Evaluation. Sterling Publishers Private Limited, India.Board of survey report, Nwoya district local government 2011Duff (2000) Automated Accounting in modern times, Ms Graw Hill, inventory control Frank Gamble, Strickland and Thompson (2007) Environmental impacts, focus on improving landscape performance Akers and Porter (2001), the relationship between GSCM prac tice and performance, JIT approach to inventory management | Gilbert et al (2000), from computing journal of introduction system management, Vol 34, No 25, PP 23-28 Graham et al (2006), financial management 2nd edition, Viskas publishing house put limited Gray John (2000), Organizational behavior 4th edition, Prentince Hall, Great Britain Karamagi. H. 2004), Inventory management and profitability in business organization Kenneth Lysons (2000) purchasing and supply chain management, 5th edition, person Education: London Kotler. P. (2002), Principle of marketing, 7th edition, Pearson London Muhleman (2000), production and operations management 2nd edition, MC Graw Hill New York Oso and Onen 2005, a guide in writing research proposal and report Pandy. I. M, (2003), financial management, 8th edition, MC Graw Hill, Great Britain Ray wild (2002), implementing effective management: Inc Oracle Corporations (2002), www. oracle. com Richard Mcclelan (2009) inventory management system Shaughne ssy, J. J and Zechmeister, E. B (1997). Research Methods in Psychology, 4th Edition.The McGraw – Hill Companies, Inc. United States of America Stonner et al (2003), Principle and practice of management, 8th edition White 1997, Optimization Engine for Inventory Control†, white paper from Golden Embryo †¦ [ web page], Bogazici University 1997 www. freepatentsonline. com APPENDICES APENDIX 1: WORK PLAN 2012 PHASE/ACTIVITY| Jan| Feb| Mar| Apr| May| Jun| Jul| Responsible person| Developing synthesis | | | | | | | | Researcher and supervisor| Developing a proposal| | | | | | | | Researcher and supervisor| Developing and piloting of instrument| | | | | | | | Researcher and supervisor| Data collection| | | | | | | | Researcher |Data organization, analysis and interpretation| | | | | | | | Researcher and supervisor| Typing, editing/report submission| | | | | | | | Researcher| APENDIX 2: BUDGET ESTIMATES S/NO| ITEMS| DESCRIPTION| PRICE| ESTIMATED AMOUNT| | Stationeries| | | | | Rim of papers| 2| 20,000| 40,000| | Pens| 10| 500| 5,000| | Flask disk| 1| 70,000| 70,000| | Typing and Printing| | | 200,000| | Binding| | | 60,000| | PERSONNEL| | | | | Research Assistant| 1| | 50,000| | Communication| | | 60,000| | Meals| | | 80,000| | TOTAL| | | 565,000| APPENDIX 3: QUESTIONAIRE INSTRUMENTS Dear Respondent I am Ocen Alfred Ayella a third year student of Business Administration of Gulu University.Currently I am undertaking a research study about â€Å"Inventory management and organizational performance†, A case of Anaka General Hospital. The purpose of the study is to enable me to obtain a Bachelor of Business Administration Degree from Gulu University. The information provided shall not only be for academic purposes but also to improve on the services delivery in success of inventory management and organizational performance in Anaka General Hospital Nwoya district. The information that you will give will be strictly confidential Instruction * Tick wh ere options are given * Fill in the space provided * Be as objective as possible SECTION A: Demographic Characteristic 1. Name (optional) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. What is your gender?Male Female 3. In which age bracket do you fall? Below 18 years 20-29 years 30-39 years above 40 years 4. Marital status? Single Married Divorced SeparatedWidowed 5. Highest level of education attained? Non O and A level Certificate Diploma Degree Postgraduate Master PHD 6. Current job position held at Anaka General Hospital? Medical superintendentDoctorDistrict Health officer Store keeper A NurseLaboratory AssistantPatientOther specify †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7. How long have you been in this position? Below 2 years 3 years and above 5 years and above SECTION B:Techniques of inventory management in Anaka General Hospital? 8. What kind of inventory management do you have in the Hospital? Fixing minimum levels Maximum inventory levels Determine size of inventory All the above 9. Which techniques do you use in managing inventory? Stock rotation, just in time Last in first out (LIFO) First in First out (FIFO) Economic order quantity Weighted averages The periodic review system All the above 10. Is just in time techniques more important as pertain to inventory management? Yes No If yes, state your opinion how is it important? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11.The principle of good inventory management include (Tick all that apply) Cleanliness of the organization The principle of stock rotation Tracking All the above 12. What measures are used to improved inventory management in Anaka General Hospital? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13. The strategy that helps the Hospital to achieve the high level of inventory management? You are required to show the extent to which your agree or disagree (Please tick (v) most appropriate of; strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Not Sure (NS), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (S. D) | Statement | S. A| A. | NS| D | SD| 1. Inventory managers are responsible for receiving inventory when they arrive| | | | | | 2. | The Hospital always verifies stock received against delivery orders| | | | | | 3. | Does the Hospital order for inventory monthly| | | | | | 4. | Does the Hos pital order for inventory quarterly| | | | | | 5. | Does the Hospital carried out stock taking on monthly basis | | | | | | 6. | Does the Hospital carried out stock taking on quarterly basis| | | | | | 8. | All relevant employees participate in Inventory management| | | | | | SECTION C: Indicator of the organizational performance 14. Organizational performance is measured by efficiency and effectiveness of resources to achieve stated objectives Yes No 15.Organizational performance improvement includes assessment which is inform of Planned Systematic Explicit All the above 16. What are the indicators of organizational performance? Social responsibility Information sharing Flexibility Flexibility Strategic cost management Strategic cost management All the above 17. Organization performance is measured by both financial and non financial performance a) State the financial organizational performance i. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ii. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iii. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iv. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ b) Non financial organizational performance i. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ii. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iii. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ SECTION D: The relationship between inventory management and organizational performance You are required to show the extent to which your agree or disagree (Please tick (v) most appropriate of; strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Not Sure (NS), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (S. D) STATEMENT| SA| A| NS| SD| D| There is a direct relationship between inventory management and organizational performance| | | | | | Carrying out inventory management reduces costs related with over and under stocking| | | | | Without proper inventory management, The organization can’t meet her customers needs in time| | | | | | There is high service delivery attained as a result of inventory management| | | | | | The organization has large assets and capital as a result of proper inventory management| | | | | | The organizations services are reliable and in good condition| | | | | | There are ranges of services delivery option for Patient when they come | | | | | | The organization is able to adjust the amount of products in the store and are able to reschedule priorities demand | | | | | | Your organization is able to obtain out of stock products in time. | | | | | | SECTION E:Evaluation of the factors that affects the performance of Anaka General Hospital You are requested to state the extent to which you agree or disagree (Please tick the most appropriate of; Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Not Sure (NS), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (S. D) | Statement | S. A| A. | NS| D | SD| 1. | The re is inspection of goods in your organization in order to determine defective goods. | | | | | | 2. | There is expire of drugs when kept for a long time| | | | | | 3. | There is inadequate skills and knowledge of inventory planning and management in Anaka General Hospital| | | | | | 4. | There is high rate of theft of inventories In your organization| | | | | | 5. | There are qualified personnel who are responsible for managing inventories. | | | | | | Thanks you for your response and time